Biography of Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- Edgar Allan Poe Writers Literatu

Biography of Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is a man who is considered to be a true American genius of our time, and by many, the personification of death. His works have been collected and celebrated for over a hundred years from this day. He was a man who’s dreary horror tales captured and frightened the minds of millions. Poe differed from most other acclaimed writers though. The readers of his work do not admire him because they fall in love with his characters or because his writing touches their hearts. On the contrary, his readers admire him because he managed to change reality for them. Edgar Allan Poe’s skill was developed in his subject matter of death and its horrid truths. Poe’s tales centered away from the life of a man and towards the effects of death on a man, whether it be his own or that of another. Poe was adept at creating an atmosphere of suspense with the minimum use of words and dramatic effects1. Poe’s best known works include such masterpieces as Annabel Lee, The Raven, The Fall of the House of Usher, The Mask of the Red Death, The Murders of the Rue Morgue, and many others. Each and every one of these titles, among others, share one common trait that is more than evident, they all deal with death. When these tittles monopolize the attention, it is only natural that the central body of Poe’s work should seen to be a tissue of nightmares.2 How is it that a subject that is so repulsive to mankind can at the same time attract so many people? Perhaps it wasn’t the subject, but the skill with which it was written that lured people to it. Fish are lured to a deadly hook, but the bait makes it beautiful. In this same manner, people are mesmerized by the beauty and genius of Poe’s work. The better question is, what is it that drove Poe to become so obsessed with death? Why is it that he portrayed his genius through this topic? The only true way to answer these questions is through a deep analysis of not only Poe’s works, but his life and his mind. As stated earlier, one of his most acclaimed works is Annabel Lee. It is indeed a love tale. A poem written for his beautiful Annabel Lee. It speaks of the strong and unbreakable love that existed between them. This appears to be a happy enough topic, except for one significant fact. This Annabel Lee is dead.3 According to Poe, her death was caused by the angels who were jealous of th... ...to make them afraid of sleep for fear of their nightmares. His talent was certainly not appreciated in his time. He gave us much and received pathetically little in return, for he was all his life a starveling poet and a miserably paid writer for ephemeral magazines. It is a final irony that his letters and manuscripts have become the most valuable of all American writers.34 Regardless of what caused his obsession with death, he managed to create tales that will remain on the earth for as long as man exists. Poe is the genius that young children are taught of. He is an icon that America can always claim as her own. Whether Poe wrote of death because of depression, disease, personal losses, insanity, or simply because he may have been the only man bold enough to face the one thing that everyone fears, he interlaced it into his tales to provide us with horror, sorrow, and entertainment. Since his death, he has become appreciated and celebrated. His tales are taught in grade school. His works have been made for theater and film. His genius is preached to anyone who studies the English language.35 From a sad life and a troubled mind flourished a name that will remain in history.

The Importance Of Business In Australia Commerce Essay

Business is the back bone of the Australian economic system ; there are several things that concerns do that are of critical importance to Australia as a state. â€Å" Business supports the development and usage of engineering † by purchasing new equipment which provides companies like: Apple or Mac with gross to pay for employees that research and develop, every bit good as the necessary machinery and equipment to develop modern engineerings. Businesss besides sell the merchandise which allows clients to utilize newer engineering, if shops like Dick Smith ‘s did n't sell IPods or Iphones clients would n't be able to obtain those points. â€Å" Businesses besides provide Australians with employment † , without concerns most Australians would n't do any money, and non be able to supply for their households. â€Å" Businesses besides feed the Australian economic system † through revenue enhancements that they have to pay to the authorities, every bit good as the investings these concerns, a concern creates money which goes around a community but they besides buy and sell merchandises which all support communities.Internal Influence and Impact on Australian BusinessAn internal influence is an influence that is made by the concern itself, they relate to factors within the concern that will impact its operation. All these influences impact in different ways and because they are brought on by the company it means that they may be able to halt the influence if it is damaging to the concern. Each different influence has different impacts and the influences are ; Product, Location, Management, Resource Management, and Business Culture.MerchandiseThe internal influence of merchandise is the ; existent goods or services produce by a concern or company, these goods or services decide many factors for a concern, if the size of the merchandise is reasonably big so the company will necessitate more infinite to be able to hive away the merchandise th erefore increasing the physical size of the concern. The merchandise will reflect the concern, the bigger assortment or scope of merchandises produced the bigger impact the merchandise will do. If the concern buys or produces more than it sells the net income border will diminish, if the merchandise is non suited to the concerns clients the concern will endure. I.e. Harvey Norman bought/produced several thousand computers/laptops ECT. They did n't sell and so Harvey Norman ‘s net income border decreased.LocationHas been said to be the most of import of all internal influences, there is a simple equation â€Å" Prime Location is= Customer Convenience + Visibility. † There are several separate factors of location ; Cost, Visibility, Proximity to clients every bit good as providers and support services. So fundamentally if it ‘s non easy and efficient for clients to travel to a concern that concern will non acquire many clients, location can besides do a concern beca use if a concern is positioned in a great location i.e. near the ground tackle of a shopping Centre, they would bring forth more clients.Resource InfluenceThere are four chief resources available to concern ; human, employees of a concern, Information, Market research the cognition needed to run the concern, Physical, equipment/machinery/raw stuff and Financial, financess the company uses to pay revenue enhancements or other debts. Without proper resource direction a company would neglect i.e. When Vodafone or the Commonwealth bank faced a machinery bug they lost capital.ManagementIn recent times due to engineering and the current planetary fiscal issues have been â€Å" flattening † this means that the degrees of direction have been reduced, these concern have more control over their concern. There are nevertheless some mistakes for illustration, because there are fewer mangers/employees this means that those directors have more control and if one of these directors make a e rror it has a greater impact.Business CultureThe values, thoughts, beliefs and outlooks of a concern, these can be through governmental policy or merely the general dress-code of the staff. Through concern civilization the manner people work is changed, and if there is a negative civilization this will bring forth workers who are un-satisfied which means failure for the concern.External Influences and Impact on Australian BusinessThe external influences on concern are influences that are either wholly out or are of minimum control of the concern. These impacts are more sever to the concern than internal influences because the concern can non alter the influence they can merely alter the concern itself to accommodate the influence i.e. Taxes. There are many different influences and they all impact the concern in different ways and they are: Economic, Financial Geographic, Social, Legal, Political, Institutional, Technological, Competitive state of affairs, and Markets.EconomicThe eco nomic sciences of Australia are a cyclical procedure intending that they go through â€Å" Boom † periods, intending a clip where concern proprietors costumiers are confident, which in bend means more purchasing which provenders and grows the economic system and â€Å" Flops † besides known as a recession this is when there is low costumier assurance so there is less money in concerns intending, less employment which slants the growing of the economic system. The economic system has obvious impacts on concern: when there is a roar there is money which develops the concern, and when there is a flop there is no money which mean the concern fails to run into revenue enhancements and debts ect. So the company fails and may prevent.Fiscal InfluenceThe deregulating of the Australian fiscal system has lead to flexibleness within the fiscal sector. It means that there is a wider scope of competition, and concerns no longer necessitate to remain domesticated to their ain commun ities, this is due to engineering and Globalisation.Geographic InfluenceThis has an tremendous impact on Australian concern, the fact that Australia is located within the Asia-Pacific part every bit good as the economic growing of those states i.e. China. This is a challenge for concerns because there is a stronger competition. And besides provides chances for concerns to develop, every bit good as the nose count along with other population studies which allow for concerns to develop and bring forth goods that are suited for that country, the negative is that concerns have to pass a vast of money to alter, the aging population is an illustration, concerns will hold to accommodate to better suit that population.Social InfluencesThe populace is invariably altering in relation to gustatory sensations, manners and civilization. When a concern can alter to accommodate these gustatory sensations it makes an increased net income but concerns that do n't alter run the hazard of going predat ed and lose clients.Legal InfluencesThese are ordinances and policies that the authorities put frontward and they have monolithic impacts on the concern. A concern is expected to stay by all these Torahs and ordinances, but these affect the sum of money a company makes, which in bend affects how good it runs.Political InfluencesWhen there are large political alterations concern assurance every bit good as uncertainness may lift or fall, governmental issues affect concerns because they can present revenue enhancements, an illustration would be the debut of the Carbon Tax, which was made in response to unfavorable judgment over Australian policy this will set strive on bigger companies. But they can besides be good for a concern ; an illustration would be deregulating which is the remotion of policies.Institutional InfluencesThere are three chief institutional influences and they are ; authorities, regulative organic structures and other. The authorities introduces ordinances, the org anic structures monitor the concern and others affect concerns like authorities.Technological InfluenceWith new engineerings comes a new manner for clients to shop and for concerns to sell, a concern can use assorted engineerings like the cyberspace to air at that place merchandise every bit good as sell their merchandises over the cyberspace which entreaties to newer clients, it besides allows concerns to pass on to their clients quicker. Technology can besides take away from concerns, for case Borders which is a book store, is confronting trouble because clients are now purchasing books off the cyberspace because it is cheaper, this means that Borders will now hold to shut some store and faces a hard hereafter.Competitive Situation InfluencesCompetition between two shops is a general happening ; they can profit the client through cheaper monetary values and better gross revenues every bit good as the concern through the turning client to the concern. Each company fights to go the leader which is called sustainable competitory advantage, the changing scope of rivals determines how the concern will bring forth and sell their merchandise.Changes in Markets InfluenceCapital can now travel through states, it is now easier for concerns to purchase abroad shares/businesses, this frees up concerns, in bend the concern grows. Despite this growing there is an instability which was made apparent during the GFC ; there is now a monolithic move for the demand of skilled workers, i.e. the addition of demand for mineworkers due to the turning excavation sector. There has besides been monolithic growing in consumer markets, in the value of universe trade this was brought on through engineering which made it easier to pass on.DecisionIn decision, an external influence is one that is out of the concerns control whilst an internal influence is associating to a concern. They are both negative and positive, because they help the concern to develop and turn the concern every bit good as let the concern to pass on at an international degree, but they can be negative because they take off from Australian economic system every bit good as Australian concerns losing money to international concerns. As in the past and as what will be in the hereafter, internal influences like merchandise, direction resource direction ECT. And external influences like engineering, political influences, geographic ECT. Will ever impact on concern, because the concern will hold to alter to accommodate the issue, if there are technological promotions the concern must alter to accommodate that. If a merchandise is n't selling they must bring forth a new merchandise that will appeal to clients.

Money Can t Buy Happiness - 928 Words

It is often said that, â€Å"Money can’t buy happiness.† In Cass R. Sunstein’s Yes, Money Can Make You Happy, Sunstein provides a summary and review of Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton’s Happy Money: The Science of Happier Spending; he declares that money, when spent wisely and with the right attitude, can provide the most elusive of all human experiences: happiness. In a changing social climate with advances in technology offering unmatched convenience, and a culture in which diverse people with equally diverse sets of values come together, the study of what truly makes us happy is especially relevant now more than ever. While money can certainly be spent in a manner which will create happiness, what Sunstein neglects to address in his writing is that more money does not always equate to more happiness, regardless of how and when it is spent. In Sunstein’s first argument, he asserts that an experience, such as a vacation, provides a lasting memory which can be reflected upon for years to come; whereas a purchase, such as a new car, evokes a temporary happiness to which we become desensitized very quickly. Secondly, he contends that using money to create special treats, combined with a third argument of delaying gratification, will create an anticipation of the future that allows us to be happier in the present. Further, Sunstein insists that spending money to buy time used to spend with friends a family will enhance our abilities to be happier; lastly, that the act of spendingShow MoreRelatedMoney Can ´t Buy Happiness1181 Words   |  5 PagesMoney can’t buy happiness (but it is an acceptable deposit) Is there some minimum amount of wealth needed to maintain a happy life. Once basic necessities are met is happiness largely due to other factors such as a person’s virtue. 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My friends are rich, so they do not care about spending their money for anything because their parents will give them more. I am from Middle class family and I collect all my money for the week to spend it with them at the coffee shop in the weekend. When IRead MoreMoney Can Buy Happiness : Happiness1653 Words   |  7 PagesMoney Can Buy Happiness Happiness, has long been an estate that huge numbers of individuals endeavor to create a path, that seeks to find it. Extensive research, surprisingly enough, does not have definitive answers on the concept of what makes one happy. As a matter of fact; there are as many attempts to define happiness, as there are the many scholars, theologians, psychologist and philosophers, curious enough to research it. Many ¬Ã‚ ¬; are unsuccessful in comparison to the ready definition ofRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. 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Yet he is missing something, he is missing the only thing that could make him truly happy, to live a life with Daisy Buchanan. He knew that when he kissed this girl, and forever wed his unutterable visions to her perishable breath, his mindRead MoreThe Desires Of Being Rich1118 Words   |  5 PagesThe Desires of Being Rich â€Å"Money can’t buy happiness† is one of the most well known saying commonly heard throughout the world. Money is one of the most important things in our lives, next to, food and water, shelter and transportation but will all of those things, you need money. That is where the phrase â€Å"Money can’t buy happiness† comes in because people think that since money can buy everything else, it can easily buy happiness as well. Money can not make people love you for who you are, having

Challenges Facing Intuit Inc. - 4645 Words

CHALLENGES FACING INTUIT INC., AND A COMPLETE ANALYSIS OF THE SOFTWARE INDUSTRY 19 Challenges facing Intuit Inc., and a complete Industry Analysis: Matthew Bernier NAU BBA 497 Independent Study Running head: CHALLENGES FACING INTUIT INC., AND A COMPLETE ANALYSIS OF THE SOFTWARE INDUSTRY Abstract Since the world is becoming more computerized, the software industry is growing at a steady rate, with the prospect of even more rapid growth in the future. This report therefore analyses the business environment which is surrounding the software industry, and how the companies which are operating in it can be affected by this environment. The basic findings of the report include the following: the software industry is a very competitive one, and the consumers have a lot of bargaining power. The industry is also affected by the rapid change in the general computing requirements. Moreover, the report analyses the software industry in the context of Intuit Inc., a company which perennially produces financial management software. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 5 Industry Analysis 5 Industry Size and Growth Trends 5 Maturity of the Industry 6 External Economic Factors and their Effect on the Industry 6 Seasonality 7 Technological Factors 8 Regulatory, Political, and Legal concerns 9 Competitive Environment and Changes in the CompetitiveShow MoreRelatedFortune 500 Company : First Data Corporation2813 Words   |  12 Pagesand it has been the highest that it has even been in history. There are also challenges that this industry is facing such as restrictions on online payment services by the government and agencies, security of information and data, and adaptation is also a problem. 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The Never Ending Search For An Answer - 888 Words

In the never-ending search for an answer to the question of â€Å"why,† it is important to understand that there is never one sole catalyst to events, behaviors or actions. Analyzing the murder cases of Aileen Wuornos, it is important to understand her psychological and biological predispositions that may have made her more susceptible to provocation. These aspects can be further scrutinized by focusing on the trait theory of criminology. The trait theory focuses on the abnormal biological and psychological causations of criminal behaviors (Siegel, Larry 2011). It is well known that Wuornos had grown up in a hostile environment, void of love, safety, and care. Wuornos’ parents abandoned her, her grandparents abused her; she had never a genuine attachment figure, whom she could confide in and trust (Myers, Wade, et al. 2005). Along with the lack of a secure guardian, Wuornos developed an insecure attachment style. As an infant, Wuornos did not believe her needs will be met, and she was constantly neglected by those around her. Due to her insecure attachment style, Wuornos was unable to cultivate necessary interpersonal skills, along with developing a negative self-concept (Borhani, Yasmin 2013). Her deficient ability in regards to interpersonal relationships is evident as she had many failed, short-term relationships growing up (Myers, Wade, et al. 2005). Many of these relationships were also abusive, once again , exhibiting her negative self-concept. One example of theseShow MoreRelated The Cycle Of Never Ending Cause And Effect Essay examples724 Words   |  3 Pages The Cycle of Never Ending Cause and Effect There is no such thing as first or second, or as cause and effect. Humanity has constantly searched for the beginning of things asking questions such as Which came first, the chicken or the egg?quot;. They search for answers which are simply entangled in a never ending cycle of events. 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Global Issues and Common Good for Issues - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theGlobal Issues and Common Goodfor Global Issues. Answer: Common good refers to the situation in which the benefits are bestowed upon all the members of the society. It works on the principle of cooperation instead of profit making and competition. However, in this fast growing economy, global issues arise due to the conflict of self-interests and common good. Sometimes, the business organizations focus upon profit maximization more that the betterment of their employees and the society. Various reports have suggested the global issue of of Penalty rates on Sundays and holidays to workers This issue has reflected the fact that there is absence of shared responsibility in achieving the common good. Reports have shown that a majority of full-time as well as part time employees in Australia are paid below the basic wage level that accounts to 23.1%. This indicates that the average income of full-time as well as part time employees in Australia lesser than the average income. Women are mostly employed in feminized organizations that pay lesser wages and offer part-time employment (OReilly et al. 2015). This has exacerbated the gap in the income. This inequality among the men and women leads to lower productivity growth of the labors and fails to achieve the common goal. The underpayment of the wages of the men and women leads to social injustice as the benefits are not equally shared in the society. Various other issues have also been noticed regarding the conflict of interests among the organizations and their employees. One such example is of the case in which a florist at the shop was blamed for having paid lesser wages to a teenager employee and was entitled to pay back $18,000 to the teenager (Theaustralian.com.au 2017). Such reports of exploitation of workers especially women and young workers have been a global issue since ages. All these issues need to be addressed carefully in order to achieve the common good along with shared responsibilities. The payment of lower wages due to penalty rates on Sundays and holidays to workers has adversely affected the productivity. It has been found that a reduction of 10% as penalty cuts has the capacity to increase the productivity up to 3%. However, eliminating the existing inequality in the wages of men and women in Australia can improve the labor productivity up to 5.7% (James 2017). Proper pay allows the individuals to maximize their working efficiency (The Conversation, 2017). Equality of wages shall also help the companies to attract and retain efficient employees. Another major issue is occupational segregation that is required to be solved in order to reduce the impact of penalty cuts. The government must encourage the individuals to work in socially and economically higher value jobs by applying penalty rate cuts on Sundays and holidays. This could be easily achieved by fixing a minimum wage pay for the workers working on Sundays and holidays. The companies must be encouraged to make the wages and salaries of the individuals sufficient to lead a standard life in order to achieve common good (Brooker 2017). Implementation of pay transparency shall also be very useful in ensuring that the workers are being paid a fair amount and the burden of penalty rate does not fall on them. Pay transparency shall enable the individuals to be aware about the earnings of their colleagues. This shall help them to know whether they are paid lesser than their colleagues or not. This shall also encourage the workers to increase their productivity as their earning shall depend upon their productivity and not upon the penalty rate. The reduction in pay would no longer consider whether it has been reduced due to the burden of excess penalty rate. Instead, the employees who work more shall earn more. This would ensure that the more deserving employee earns more irrespective of the penalty. This would ultimately result in increase in the overall productivity of the organizations. Another way is reducing penalty rate by negotiation. It has been observed that men perform negotiations better than the women as the women often tend to avoid negotiation by accepting the initial offer given by the employers. Many women have also expressed their fear of negotiating as they feel that they will not be liked in case they try to negotiate for higher salary. Therefore, both men and women must negotiate in case they are paid less on the holidays and Sundays. This must be applied while hiring the entry level employees (Barry 2016). Although, the above strategies might solve some problems but these would not be able to solve all the issues faced by the individuals at workplace. The other issues needed to be solved are the exploitation of the workers and ensuring that the advantages of the penalty rate cut reach the poor workers. The minimum wages for the employees must be raised especially on Sundays and holidays so that they are able to earn sound living wages. The minimum wages of the employees must be increased especially for the tipped workers. It has been found that two-third of the tipped workers are women. Tipped workers have a high poverty rate than the salaried workers. Therefore, raising the minimum tipped wages shall be very effective in raising the standard of living of the women (Pekarek and Gahan 2016). Providing greater flexibility in the working schedule must be provided to the working individuals especially on Sundays and holidays. The people who are usually engaged in low wages jobs that have unpredictable schedules suffer the burden of penalty rates. This results in an increase in the risk of losing jobs as the workers are unable to show flexibility in their work. Therefore, it becomes very important for the employers of the workers working on holidays to provide them flexible working schedule without jeopardizing the job of the workers (Blau and Kahn 2016). The government must also ensure that the advantages of reduction in the penalty rate reaches the employees especially those who work at low wages jobs . It has been noticed that the women suffer more when it comes to lower wages. This often creates dissatisfaction among the working women and they are unable to deliver their best for the growth of the company. Therefore, the employers must also be encouraged to help the working women by providing them satisfactory wages. A legislation related to the minimum wages to be paid on holidays and Sundays must be passed. The penalty rate becomes a burden on the employees especially the low income workers which comprises mostly of women workers (Mandel and Semyonov 2014). Therefore, payment of optimum wages to the employees shall ensure achievement of the common good by providing the minimum standard of living to the employees (Davies, McNabb and Whitfield 2015). Therefore, it can be concluded that providing equal opportunities to the individuals by reducing the penalty rates on holidays and Sundays shall help in reducing the exploitation of workers. The various strategies mentioned above can be very useful in achieving the common good with the help of shared responsibilities. It is the responsibility of the companies as well as the government to ensure that the individuals are provided with a standard wage pay in order to ensure that the benefits are received by the entire society without any discrimination on any grounds. References: Barry, M., 2016. Employer and employer association matters in Australia in 2015.Journal of Industrial Relations, p.0022185616634092.. Blau, F.D., 2016. Gender, inequality, and wages.OUP Catalogue. Blau, F.D., 2016. Gender, inequality, and wages.OUP Catalogue. Brooker, C., 2017. Heading to the bush.AJP: The Australian Journal of Pharmacy,98(1161), p.3. Davies, R., McNabb, R. and Whitfield, K., 2015. Do high-performance work practices exacerbate or mitigate the gender pay gap?.Cambridge Journal of Economics,39(2), pp.537-564. James, D., 2017. Penalty rate cuts are the result of thinking small.Eureka Street,27(4), p.12. Mandel, H. and Semyonov, M., 2014. Gender pay gap and employment sector: Sources of earnings disparities in the United States, 19702010.Demography,51(5), pp.1597-1618. OReilly, J., Smith, M., Deakin, S. and Burchell, B., 2015. Equal Pay as a Moving Target: International perspectives on forty-years of addressing the gender pay gap. Pekarek, A. and Gahan, P., 2016. Unions and collective bargaining in Australia in 2015.Journal of Industrial Relations, p.0022185616636104. The Conversation. (2017). The gender pay gap is hurting productivity. [online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/the-gender-pay-gap-is-hurting-productivity-76780 [Accessed 15 May 2017]. Theaustralian.com.au. (2017). Victorian workers underpaid thousands. [online] Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/latest-news/cashinhand-worker-underpaid-115k-in-vic/news-story/c3ee836340d0b03601d8d6a2de68c0bc [Accessed 15 May 2017].

Kyrgyzstan Essays - Kyrgyzstan, Republics, Post-Soviet States

Kyrgyzstan The collapse of the Soviet Union created 15 new states. These states over the last 5 years have all struggled with economic, ethnic, political and territorial problems left to them by the Soviet empire. Kyrgyzstan, is a former Soviet Republic (FSR) located in the Central Asia. This paper will give a statistical representation of the state, Kyrgyzstan. The statistical data will reflect the basic geography of the subject country containing population, size and location. This miniature report will also contain brief descriptions of current political and economic situations. Included in the current information section of this report, is an outlook for possible near future events concerning both political stability and economy. Kyrgyzstan is located in the southern area of the former Soviet Union. Its boarders are defined by China to the east (& South), Kazakhstan to the north (& Northwest), Uzbekistan directly west and Tajikistan to the south (Kyrgyzstan features 76,641 square miles of land, which consisted of .9% of the former USSR's land-mass. The land is primarily used for pastoral purposes. Only 7% of the farmable land is cultivated. The population is approximated to be 4,258,000 people (see Figure A). The Kyrgyzstan populace has experienced a 25.3% growth in population during the last 12 years (Population Growth Data from 1979-1991), and a birthrate at 29.1/1000. Population distribution is 61.9% in rural areas and 38.1% in urban centers. City & Population The top 4 cities are: Bishkek (formally Frunze) 616,000 (Capitol) Osh 213,000 Przhevalsk 64,000 Naryn 26,000 In June of 1990 ethnic violence arose in the city of Oh. Kyrgyz clashed with Uzbeks resulting in a bloody conflict which was eventually suppressed by Soviet Interior Ministry troops. This clash outlined political and economic problems present in Kyrgyzstan even when the USSR was still existent. These ethnic clashes in Oh served to cement political groups who were organizing outside of the communist party during Perestroika. It also gave voice to the large economic problems in central Kyrgyzstan. The "head of state" and leader of the communist party in Kyrgyzstan was Absamat Masaliev. Masaliev invoked policies which were rigid and served to enhance the existing social problems. Because of the decline present in the government's abilities to meet the expectations of the populace, the allowances granted by the Perestroika police and ethnic tensions, communist authority in Kyrgyzstan was challenged. The communist party's rule came to an end in October of that same year. A liberal democratic reform movement had sweeped the country and Askar Akaev was elected by a coalition vote in the Supreme Soviet (Legislature of Kyrgyzstan), resulting in the removal of Masaliev from the Presidency. Askar Akaev is a liberal politician (former head of the Academy for Sciences) and represented reform in the form of privatization and democracy. The transformation of government from communism to a liberal democracy occurred smoothly without violent uprisings or revolution. However, Akaev has opponents on both sides of the political spectrum. Masaliev, though not the president, is still the head of the communist party and very powerful. On the right, the government has to deal with the potential time bomb of ethnicity and nationalism. The current political agenda for the reform government contains these issues: economic stimulation, development of diplomatic relations with other states, privatization of property, a language purification issue and environmental concerns. These issues are all presently being address and codified in the formation of the new constitution (only economics, privatization of property and industry and language are addressed below). The industrial sector of the Kyrgyzstan economy is primarily owned by residing Russians in the capital, Bishkek. This is a point of contention in the on-going debates of land and industrial privatization between the nationalists and liberals in Kyrgyzstan. Though Kyrgyzstan is primarily an agrarian economy, an alarming amount of tension is present concerning foreign owned industry. Language purification standards are being debated in the Kyrgyz Parliament. In the 1950's the Duma passed a number of resolutions in attempts of transforming Soviet Republic languages by using a Cyrillic based alphabet. The adoption of the Cyrillic alphabet fundamentally changed the Central Asian Turkic based languages. This served in a dual purpose of dividing the Central Asian peoples by accenting their language differences