The Hacking Threats and Vulnerablilities of Wireless Networks in Term Paper

The Hacking Threats and Vulnerablilities of Wireless Networks in Organizations - Term Paper Example This increases their chances of interception, disruption and alteration as compared to wired networks. Confidentiality can be highly compromised if the message is not encrypted. This can allow an unauthorized person to read the message. Sources of Threats and Vulnerabilities in Wireless Networks In wireless networks four basic technology components face security threats. These are; the transmission medium, access points, client devices (for example computers, PDAs) and the clients. Each one of them can become a loophole for any or all the other components to be attacked. Unauthorized access to an organizations wireless network can result from an accidental association. This is where someone outside the organization turns their computer on and it connects to the organization’s network from a wireless Access Point (AP) (Anthes and Hoffman, 2003). Though it is not intentional, it compromises on the confidentiality of the organization’s information. It could lead to a link from one organization to another. Hacking can also be done by people forming a malicious association. They make their own wireless devices to connect to the organization’s network. They use a cracking laptop, called â€Å"soft AP†, to access the organization’s information instead using the of organization’s AP. ... According to Anthes and Hoffman (2003), hackers can be able to listen to an organization’s communications and identify the MAC address of the organization’s computer. This is called Identity theft /MAC spoofing. Hackers use programs that tend to ‘sniff’ networks hence gain unauthorized access to an organization’s network. They also use some software that makes a computer to pretend to have all MAC addresses required by the hacker. A computer can be enticed to log into another computer that has been set up as a soft AP by hackers. This allows a cracker to link to an organization’s legal AP using a wireless card that offers a continuous traffic flow through the hacking computer (Anthes and Hoffman, 2003). hackers can also utilize existing security faults and abuse of protocols example Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to carry out a â€Å"de-authentication attack†. This is where the organization’s computers connected to the organization’s AP drop their connections and connect to the soft AP of the cracker. Software such as LANjack and AirJack enhance hacking because they automate multiple steps of the connection process (Clay, 2006). Hackers can launch attacks meant to deny the organization services through the organization’s network. This is called Denial of service (DoS). A cracker will bombard an organization’s AP or network with, premature successful connection messages, bogus requests and other commands. As a result of this, the organization may no longer access their network. The network can also crash as a result of this (Clay, 2006).Hackers can also inject false network re-configuration commands. This will tamper with the intelligent hubs, routers and

Lockheed Martin Exercise Essay Example for Free

Lockheed Martin Exercise Essay Question 1: The Lockheed Martin website gives the impression that this company strives to make ethics a top priority among its employees. Lockheed has successfully integrated marketing ethics throughout its corporate culture by instituting mandatory ethics training sessions. The company requires that employees make every effort to attend in-person training; however Lockheed makes online training available to those who are unable to attend to live training. This ensures that each and every employee has the opportunity to attend the ethics training session. In addition to having training sessions and requiring employees to acknowledge their completion of the course, Lockheed also has a clearly defined code of conduct, and the company expressly states its vision and values. The message of â€Å"doing what’s right,† respecting others, and doing the very best job possible are often repeated on the corporate website. The website also lists numerous additional links and resources for employees’ use. Question 2: The current ethical minute series does seem like it would be effective in establishing an ethical culture because the videos present realistic scenarios. First, the videos describe the ethical issue along with potential consequences. Next, the characters experience a conflict in the workplace, and they must decide whether they should follow the company’s procedure and possibly face negative consequences, or simply let the incident go unreported. The video shows the characters as they go through a thought process that is very similar to the way a real Lockheed employee might react. Overall, the video series appears to be effective because it presents ethical issues to employees in a way that is informative, entertaining, and the many employees will likely understand and relate to the message that is being delivered. R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Question 1: R. J Reynolds must make many considerations when formulating a marketing strategy. The company’s website indicates that the information that has been released on health risks related to tobacco use is a large concern. The website seems to reflect that the company feels obligated to state that individuals who have ceased using tobacco and those who have never started should avoid tobacco products. There is also a statement that minors should not use tobacco under any circumstances (including exposure to secondhand smoke) and that tobacco is harmful and no tobacco product has been deemed safe. The company also states that individuals should rely on statements by the Surgeon General and the CDC when making decisions about tobacco use. These statements reflect pressure from governmental agencies and outside groups to inform the public about the serious health risks that are associated with tobacco. The company also mentions that tobacco use should be allowed in adult venues. This indicates that the company feels that recent trends in smoking regulation are unfair and far too strict and are counterproductive to the business interests of tobacco companies. Question 2: R. J. Reynolds Company has used the negative impact that increased health concerns have had on the company to portray itself as a morally and socially responsible. Not only does the website convey information about health risks, but the company also uses changes in smoking regulation laws as a basis to encourage political activism, as stated on the Smoker’s Rights page. The media page also shows that the company has made large donations to community causes. These actions serve to portray the tobacco company as socially responsible and positive, though the company sells a product that has a negative impact on health and has consequently come under fire as a result.

Sweatshops Essay example -- essays research papers fc

Written over 50 years ago, was a declaration made, promising equality and fair treatment for the working, which unfortunately turned out to be a false promise for some. The people I speak of, are our fellow human beings working in slave-like conditions called sweatshops. Sweatshops have always been prevalent in society, this can be shown by looking at the history of sweatshops. Presently organizations are failing in there strive to end sweatshops, companies are failing to abide by the moral code (apparel industry code), there is an ever growing gap between rich and poor, and consumers are continuing to buy the companies products and remain unaware.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sweatshop is a term for makeshift factories where poverty-stricken people- mostly women and children- work at top speed for 12 or more hours a day in an effort to earn a living wage (library). Often called the sweating system, which began when the factory system developed in the early 1800’s. Factories were not always large enough to house all the workers, instead the owners would sublet contracts for part of the work. Then the other subcontractors set up makeshift factories in dimly lighted, poorly ventilated buildings. They hired workers for low wages and long hours on a work when needed basis. Americans began to object to this almost right away, as early as the 1830’s. In 1880, large numbers of immigrants began to come to America, and the problem became serious. The owners of sweatshops took advantage of the immigrants’ ignorance and poverty to get them to work for low wages. During the 1900’s, many states began to pass laws prohibit ing products from being manufactured under sweatshop conditions. A fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in 1911, in which 146 women died, urged many states to pass anti-sweatshop laws. States then began passing laws on wages, hours, child labor, making it impractical for factories to sublet work. Sweatshops became illegal in most countries. But not all, such as Asia and Africa, the less developed countries .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many organizations out there trying to put a stop to sweatshops. Organizations such as MOJO, co-op America, HRWF (Human Rights For Workers), Feminists against sweatshops, UNITE, No Sweat, USAS. This is only a small fraction of the organizations trying to put a stop to sweatshops. MOJO, co-op America and ... ...If you are serious enough about this, start your own organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When one considers the injustice the sweatshop worker deals with at the hands of corporate America, one can only wonder how such actions are allowed. Where is the Declaration of Human Rights? This document declares rights to all humans, but somehow sweatshop workers are overlooked? They are human beings too. Something must be done to end this parade of abuse. Take some action, next time you see The Gap, walk right by it, every little bit helps. Bibliography Library - From the World Book, Multimedia Encyclopedia, Inc., 525 W. Monroe, Chicago, IL 60661. Reference 1- http://www.dol.gov/dol/esa/public/nosweat/nosweat.htm Reference 2- http://www.law1.nwu.edu/depts/clinic/ihr/hrcomments/1996/jan3-96.html Reference 3- http://www.americanhistory.si.edu/sweatshops/ffchain/ffchain.htm http://www.motherjones.com/news_wire/nike_gallery.html http://www.nlcnet.org/behindclosed/elsalvador.htm http://www.nlcnet.org/Mission.htm http://www.ecoworld.com/Articles/global_exchange.cfm http://vic.uca.org.au/fairwear/info.htm WWW-HOOVER.STANFORD.EDU/PUBAFFAIRS/WE/CURRENT/HENDERSON_0200.HTML

East of eden essay

East of Eden, the Trash family shows predator/ prey relationships created when emotionalism takes place within the novel. By definition emotionalism means the unwarranted expression or display of emotion and Steinbeck used this to create dynamic situations between his characters. Charles and Caleb have many of the same qualities and grew up with the same resentment caused by their fathers lack of attention and profuse neglect while there brothers, Adam and Aaron (respectively), got all of the love and care.In Charles' case he was push by a few events and exploded with a needless amount of anger and malice. Charles gave his dad a pocket knife for his birthday and he never used It or seemed interested in it, while Adam got him a puppy that lived with him till he died. This hurt Charles and caused him to question his brothers motives You're trying to take him away! † (29) He screamed to Adam after supper. But this was only the beginning of the explosion. Soon Charles was walling o n him, â€Å"Adam felt the punches on temples, cheeks, and eyes† (30).This Is a great example of how quickly emotionalism can turn a simple human relationship Into a primal predator / prey situation. Then there's Caleb who, like Charles, got back at his brother, Aaron, because his dad favored Aaron over himself. After Adam shunned Caleb for his gift of 1 5,000 dollars Caleb, showed him his that his mother wasn't dead and that she is a where. This crushed Aaron and he enlisted instead of dealing with the pain. Caleb victimized and hurt his brother when his emotions got the best of him.Cathy/Kate is known for her lack of motion and her cold out look of the world, but she becomes a victim of herself. After Caleb and Aaron come to see her she Is more distraught and confused than before. Joe made it difficult on her because she had to figure out what he was doing and how he was going to do it. With both of these conflicts and her arthritis acting up she was feeling more and more o ut of control. â€Å"Kate put her head down on the blotter between her crooked hands. She was cold and desolate, she was alone and desolate. † (552)And it's not like her to let anyone control her situations, so she chose o kill herself.She shrunk Like Alice â€Å"And her heart beat solemnly and her breathing slowed and she grew smaller and smaller and then disappeared- and she had never been†(554). She turned herself into the prey and the predator at the same time. Her emotions got the best of her and she paid for it with her life. Last but not least Adam became a victim of his emotions many times throughout the book, but overall he became a victim of Cathy. Once he fell for her, he only heard what he wanted to hear and everything was great. This Is all fine and good until she gives birth and Is ready o leave.When he tried to stop her â€Å"She shot him. The heavy slug struck him In the shoulder and flattened and tore out a piece of his shouldered. â€Å"(202). This wouldn't have happened if Adam hadn't been so blind, due to his emotions, and saw through the false love they shared. In conclusion the Trash family was beaten and brutalized by their emotional tendencies. Steinbeck utilized this weakness in human nature to progress his book and develop his characters. They all become more believable through their flaws and the predator/prey relationship between the characters

Distinguish egalitarian, rank, and stratified societies in anthropology Essay

There are universally acclaimed structures of society and these can either be beneficial for the individuals or not. One of the many political doctrines that can be beneficial to the individuals of a society is Egalitarianism. Egalitarian is referred to be as a kind of society which gives equal rights and opportunities to the people. Egalitarian societies give equal treatments to their people, equal rights to resources, equal in moral status and equal rights of the laws and church and they don’t have even permanent leadership. The notion of egalitarianism came about because in biblical verses, it was written that God loved His people equally (Arneson). Another kind of political doctrine is the social stratification; it is viewed as the social hierarchy of social classes and strata within a society. Social stratification is universally acclaimed but varies accordingly to the societies that uphold it. There are three major components of social stratification according to the conflict-perspective sociologist Max Weber; the class, status and party. The status of a person in the society plays a big role in the determination of his or her role and his behavioral patterns and changes that he or she will have. There are actually four classes in a stratified society; the propertied class, the property less class, the bourgeoisie, and the working class. An individual’s role in a society is predicted by the class he or she is under. In stratified societies, those who have the capital are the ones who rule and have the greater opportunity to the resources and services and those who have nothing are have the lesser opportunity (Rodriguez). Societies have differences; some give equal rights to the people and others do not. Thus, societies continue to exist because social order is maintained.

Dogs Are Good Pets Essay

Dogs Are Good Pets Essay Dogs Are Good Pets Essay Compare & Contrast Essay: Careers -Physician vs. Police Officer There are various careers which can be attained through the course of one's journey through post secondary studies. Two careers which are both compelling and fulfilling would be being a police officer and a doctor. Both of these careers may seem as if they diverge in their fields but yet they both involve helping and serving, protecting society and becoming role models for the general population. The main objectives of a doctor would be to treat and help the general population with rigorous day to day work involving great inspection and observation. An officer must also be alert open to look for any differentiations from the norm through surveillance and enforcement. The argument which comes at hand is which of these two professions are more gratifying and fulfilling; a doctor fit this description of fulfillment. This dispute can be articulated with an assessment of the two highly profiled and regarded vocations. The job of a medical doctor is of great need in this world, as there is a shortage of such a profession; day to day we see people going into the doctor’s office searching for treatment for their plight. A doctor dedicates their time and full attention to the patient, and the patient only for examination and inspection which is clearly more fulfilling than patrolling the streets for misdemeanors. An example that can be seen is when the patient is with the doctor when he is diagnosing the patient. The doctor asks the patient their problems and then conveys the answers through a meticulous conclusion. Care and dedication can only be seen from such work ethic, this is an example of the self fulfillment which can be achieved in the profession of a physician. General practitioners also spend an extra 3-5 years in medical colleges striving for a better knowledge of disorders, diseases, the human structure and various other articles in order to serve the population better. An example of how this is more fulfilling than policing the streets is the fact that this intensive study which needs a prolonged revision could only lead to precise help for the public. Studying something so hard could only mean that the person at hand is truly interested and meaning to help the populous. Lastly the confidentiality of the doctor to patient meetings in a room, this serves as a connection to the patient that is dire for a cure. The reason this leads to a more of a fulfilling job is the verity that understanding the person’s troubles and seeing a patient over the years can lead to a connection that is not only on a professional level, but on a casual level as well. This is the epitome of self fulfillment in a job. Seeing, observing, listening, treating and seeing the patient healthy at the end of it. Working as a police officer may seem fulfilling, but neither as intricate nor helpful as a doctor’s. Working very long shifts, patrolling on the streets the entire day, stress of protecting all at all time and not having the connection with the people you are actually defending leads to a fruitless career. On one hand a doctor spends long periods of time with the patient

Personal Flags Ice Breaker Activity

Personal Flags Ice Breaker Activity Flags have a way of making everybody feel good, especially when they’re waving in the breeze. Ask your students to make their own personal flag and present it to the class for this ice breaker. What does their personal flag say to the world? Ideal Size Any size works. Break into small groups if desired. Uses Introductions in the classroom or at a meeting, especially if your gathering is international. Time Needed 30 to 60 minutes. Materials Needed Depending on how elaborate you want to get, and how much time you have, you can have students draw on a regular piece of paper, or you can provide different colored construction paper, scissors, glue, etc. Either way, you’ll need colored markers. Although not necessary, if your topic is history or anything that involves flags of any kind, having examples available would be helpful, and colorful. It’s important to realize, though, that the flags being created are imaginative. The sky’s the limit. Instructions Provide your students with whatever materials you chose, and explain that you would like them to introduce themselves via their own personal flag. They will have 30 minutes (or so) to make their flag. Then ask students to introduce themselves, presenting their flag and explaining the symbolism in it. Debriefing If your topic is one that involves flags or symbolism, ask students to share how they responded to specific flags. What was it about the flag? Color? Shape? Did it elicit a certain feeling? How could this be used to influence?